Was the ethical row justified in your opinion Justify your reply.
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Business Ethics
Case Studies
CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
Scientists have created Britain’s first
‘virgin conception’ embryos using a technique that could yield a new source of
stem cells, sparking a new ethical row. They were made without using sperm or
any outside genetic material – making the clones of the women
who donated the eggs involved. The
news, from the centre that cloned Dolly the sheep, came just a day after
Newcastle scientists who won the go ahead to create a human embryo with two
genetic mothers. It raises the concern that the same technique could be
used to produce a cloned baby. The team
took eggs donated by women undergoing sterilization and stimulated them to
start dividing, as if they had been fertilized. Some grew into embryos created
without any addition of new genetic material, either from male sperm or a clone
donor. Each embryo only contained about 50 cells which could never be used to
make a baby. But scientists hope that in future, embryos made by the process –
known as parthenogenesis – may be minded for valuable stem cells. Those taken
from early embryos have the potential to become any part of the body, from
bones to brains. Scientists hope in future they will form the basis of revolutionary
new treatments for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, and failing
hearts. Dr.Paul de Sousa, who is leading the research, told the BA Festival of
Science at Trinity College, Dublin: “At the moment, we have not managed to get
stem cells from these embryos, and that continues to be our ambition.” He said
the embryos would never be implanted into anyone’s womb. “We have consent for
research purpose only.” Parthenogenesis has been suggested as a more ethically
acceptable way of harvesting embryonic stem cells.
Answer
the following question.
Q1.
Discuss the ethical row w.r.t. the facts reported above
Q2.
Was the ethical row justified in your opinion? Justify your reply.
CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
San Francisco: Waste from computers,
televisions and other devises used in the United States is polluting
environment and exposing workers to toxic chemicals in region of India and
China where discarded electronics are dismantled, a study released on Wednesday
said. Researchers detected high levels of toxic metals in more than 70 samples
collected in March from industrial waste, river sediment, soil and groundwater
around the southern Chinese City of Guiyu and the suburbs of New Delhi,
according to the report by Greenpeace International. Dust from dismantling
workshops contained the highest level of contaminants. “The extent of the contamination
is even worse than we had feared. The levels analyzed are really scary and very
concerning,” said Ted Smith, the founder of the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition
who chairs the computer Take Back Campaign, which promotes electronics
recycling. Most of the electronics collected in the United States for recycling
are supplied to China, India and other Asian countries where worker protection
and environmental safety standards are weak, Smith said. The researchers chose
to collect samples from the Mayapuri and Burari areas of New Delhi because the
two regions are known to dismantle discarded American electronics to recover valuable
metals such s gold, platinum and silver. The samples collected from those areas
contained elevated levels of heavy metals including lead, tin, copper, cadmium
and antimony.
Answer
the following question.
Q1.
Give your viewpoints on the above case.
Q2.
Why the surplus electronics items of United States are accepted by India and
China? Explain in detail.
CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
As per a judicial order, a minister was
ordered to pay a fine of Rs. 15 lakhs for allotting 15 petrol pumps, while
another minister wasfined Rs. 60 lakhs for causing a loss to the exchequer by
allotting 52 shops or kiosks to some favorites.
Answer
the following question.
Q1.
What exactly are the improper actions that you consider unethical?
Q2.
Judicial orders in the interests of the nation are a must. Discuss this
statement.
CASE STUDY (20 Marks)
What's on the minds of the people
serving on boards or hoping to be? What can be learned about corporate
governance trends by knowing the answer? What do the issues business executives
are wrestling with add to the picture? Santa Clara University'sMarkkula Center
for Applied Ethics provides quarterly programming for Silicon Valley business
executives through its Business Ethics Partnership. Stanford University's Rock
Center for Corporate Governance provides annual programming for board directors
and others aiming to explore corporate governance hot topics. The Silicon
Valley Director's Exchange, affiliated with the Rock Center, provides monthly
programming on similar topics. I serve on the board of SVDx, staff the Markkula
Center's Business Ethics Program and attended the recent Rock Center Director's
College at Stanford. Listening is perhaps an underrated activity, but opportunities
to do so at these programs in the first six months of 2015 reveal these trends
worth watching for the remainder of the year and into 2016. They also helped to
illustrate the shifts in corporate governance trends over the past decade. The
pendulum is swinging back from concern solely with shareholders to a broader
set of stakeholders, from the vantage point of the corporate boardroom, based
on comments across a variety of topical discussions and panels. Board directors
and governance scholars readily accept a board's role in protecting the
interest of shareholders but can also now draw links to shareholder interests
from the interests of other constituents, such as employees or the environment,
when considering the impact of climate change. The introduction of KKR's Green
Portfolio, in partnership with the Environmental Defense Fund in 2007, is one
example of direct ways environmental impact is being accounted for in business,
but it is not the only way. Board directors are fully engaged on the impact to
a company's long term value not only of measures taken to ensure the company's
sustainability, but the planet's as well. Thoughtful exchanges in discussions
about public relations, mergers and acquisitions, and climate risk and
opportunity as a disruptor suggest that directors
accept that corporations need to
account for broader interests because these interests do have an impact on
shareholder value. Additionally, demographic trends, like the increase of
millennial in the workforce, introduce a need to consider what those workers
are seeking in their relationship with
employers. Diversity of perspective has long been supported in research and
practice as a goal boards should pursue when assembling participants.
Corporations are experiencing greater vulnerability to activist shareholders if
an investor's point of view is not represented on the board in the current
environment. The rise of LBOs and the reality that many activists are larger
corporations than the ones they target highlight a balancing act being played
out in boardrooms: acknowledge
more stakeholders as their interests
affect share price over time but be sure current shareholders feel first among
equals. At a minimum, add active investors to the matrix of skills to consider
when seating an effective corporate board.
Answer
the following question.
Q1.
Give an overview of the case.
Q2.
“Active investors are required to the matrix of skills to consider when seating
an effective corporate board.” Discuss.
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